In the Experiment see this website 1 (according to research by the search paradigm because of the Vigliocco et al., 2005) we made use of a good categorization activity, in which participants was basically requested to determine one or two terminology out-of an effective triad, according to the very first organization about their similarity. The prospective was to take a look at whether or not not as much as such standards grammatical gender effects would be establish to own abstract terminology, names out-of animals and you can inanimate objects. Inside Test dos, in accordance with the Implicit Connection Try (IAT) paradigm, participants did a semantic categorization activity significantly less than significant time tension. The aim was to check whether or not grammatical gender are implicitly available when performing a task one to operates during the lexical and you can semantic level. For the Data step three, i checked the new attribution out of male and female voices in order to pet and you may inanimate items, demonstrated possibly due to the fact terminology or images, so you’re able to make certain whether or not the determine of grammatical gender happens beyond the lexical and you may semantic accounts and you will on visual representations, and you can actually comparing its effects to have verbal and you may graphic stimulus.
I thought that received overall performance allows us to shot the newest presumptions of your sex and gender hypothesis while the similarity and you will gender hypothesis in the context of the fresh Gloss code
In line with the sex and you will gender hypothesis, grammatical gender outcomes are needed as more powerful from inside the dialects with a leading consistency between your grammatical gender away from nouns plus the biological sex of their referents. For the Gloss, which structure is limited of the proven fact that you will find around three genders regarding one means (masculine, women, neutral) and two genders throughout the plural means (masculine-individual and you can low-masculine-personal), that have a little a complicated reference to the only 1 alternatives. Grammatical gender away from nouns varies ranging from its just one and you will plural variations – the fresh new low-masculine-private plural mode border all of the just one setting nouns apart from male nouns discussing some one. Like, ‘10 pies’ (your dog) that is masculine into the one setting, becomes ‘te psy’ (dogs), that is non-masculine-personal when you look at the plural, however, ‘10 kowal’ (a good blacksmith, male just one) gets ‘ci kowale’ (blacksmiths, masculine-private plural). The latest rigid style of the latest sex and you can gender theory perform for this reason assume too little grammatical gender effects for the Polish, maybe not instead of of a lot typed studies in german. A quicker restricted brand of brand new sex and you can gender hypothesis create anticipate around to get grammatical gender effects only for nouns it comes down to animals and you will human beings – that have a biological sex. Regarding three tests demonstrated within papers, i integrated nouns discussing pet (Try out 1 and you can 3), inanimate stuff (most of the tests) and you may conceptual details (Try out step one).
A different sort of foundation connected to the latest sex and gender/similarity and you will gender hypotheses is the fact that Shine words uses a great wide selection of gender matical gender connected to of many components of address, not only to nouns. Grammatical gender needs to be believed while using verbs, numerals, adjectives, pronouns, etc. In addition to similarity and you can gender theory manage expect you to definitely grammatical gender effects be present throughout this new showed experiments, playing with one another animate and inanimate nouns.
Watching grammatical gender consequences to possess nouns writing on objects that n’t have a biological sex would provide solid assistance with the resemblance and you may gender hypothesis
The latest exhibited lookup together with is designed to test several even more certain search questions. Experiment 2 uses a changed implicit connection take to to investigate whether grammatical gender consequences in the Polish can be found to the lexicosemantic peak, and not soleley on the conceptual top. Try step three spends a method which involves attributing masculine/feminine sounds in order to things in a moving motion picture) to test if grammatical gender consequences exists on the an abstract level. And in case writing on lexicosemantic and you will conceptual amounts of processing, i use the differentiation as in Vigliocco et al. (2005, p. 510): the new lexicosemantic peak represents the brand new significance off terms and their linguistic control (suitable toward categories, retrieving and utilizing lexical recommendations, etc.) without the need to manage rational representations of words’ referents. In contrast, this new conceptual top is dependant on brand new intellectual representations of your own referents and their services, which is non-linguistic in general. Having fun with words versus making reference to mental representations of objects is precisely lexicosemantic, whenever you are operating mental representations without the need for words is precisely conceptual.
